The Horror Of War During World War II Essay - 2300 Words

War. War never changes. War has been a constant part of human history. It has greatly affected the lives of people around the world and results in one commonality. Death by the millions. War; instigated by the petty disagreements of those in power; fought by brave young men that had no other choice. No one truly wins a war; it does not untangle who is right, only who is left. The horrors of war are devastating; both mentally and physically. The horror is not only ever present during life on the frontline; it lives on in the survivor’s guilt. I believe the horror of war is not only represented in the soldiers, we are all too quick to forget about the feelings of those at home, the friends, and families. There are many strong parallels between the novels, â€Å"Catch 22† by Joseph Heller, â€Å"In Our Time† by Ernest Hemingway, and events in our contemporary era. Their protagonists experience the horrors of war during World War I and II and they are directly synony mous to the terrors experienced by soldiers in one our most recent of wars, the Iraq War. Though fought for different reasons, and at different times in history, most wars feature the same kind of ghastly events that soldiers are subjected to. Both authors follow a soldier who has seen the horrors of war and illustrate the raw effects these horrors have on the human mind and psyche. Similarly, I can see these shocks in the human psyche even in our present day with those soldiers who experienced the shocks of the Iraq War. IShow MoreRelatedHuman Rights Are The Rights One Is Entitled To Based On1232 Words   |  5 Pagesafter the 20th century, due to the atrocities that occurred during that time - war, genocide, expulsion, and mass sterilization – and in particular, focused on the rights of women and racial minorities. While the rights of sexual minorities were also impacted, this essay will only examine the rights of women and racial minorities in the context of the main 20t h century horrors because they were the two groups most affected by these horrors. The human rights of racial minorities and women emerged throughRead MoreEssay Best War Ever Book Review1186 Words   |  5 PagesMany regard World War II as the best war ever, but why? It seems the one fact that stands out in American minds is that the Allied Powers were fighting against people who were perceived as evil†, such as Adolf Hitler and Emperor Hirohito. Many disregard all the casualties and hardships and only think about the big picture: victory. Michael C. C. Adams book, The Best War Ever: America and World War II, attempts to dissipate all of the misconceptions of the Second World War. Americans came out ofRead MoreMovie Review: Oh What a Lovely War999 Words   |  4 PagesOh What a Lovely War: Oh what a lovely misrepresentation of history? The 1969 film Oh What a Lovely War is a British, anti-war satire created during the height of the anti-Vietnam sentiment in the U.S., which undoubtedly permeated the consciousness of British filmmakers. The film focuses on World War I, a war largely demonized as a pointless war that resulted in the death of Britains finest young men in senseless trench warfare. The generically-named Smith family is shown to embody the typicalRead MoreHow the Atrocities of War Exemplify the Characteristic Moral Ambiguity of Human Nature719 Words   |  3 PagesIn his novella Night, Elie Wiesel portrays the horrors he and his family faced at the hands of Nazi Germany through graphic and moving descriptions of his plight. A compelling excerpt, â€Å"I watched other hangings. I never saw a single victim weep. These withered bodies had long forgotten the bitter taste of tears,† demonstrates the utter disregard for human life that many of the world’s leaders adopt in times of war, inspiring further research through the evocation of a need to more thoroughly learnRead MoreAnalysis Of The Article Thank God For The Atom Bomb 970 Words   |  4 Pagesnuclear weapons for World War II. On August 6, 1945, the American bomber Enola Gay dropped an atomic bomb over the Japanese city of Hiroshima and killed 80,000 people. On August 9, 1945, another bomb was dropped on the city of Nagasaki, killing 40,000 more people. Then a few days later, Japan announced its surrender from World War II. In the article â€Å"Thank God for the Atom Bomb† by Paul Fussell he explains how the atom bomb needed to be dropped to save soldiers lives and to end the war. Paul FussellRead MoreWar : A Breath Of Change1715 Words   |  7 PagesWar: A Breath of Change in Literature World War II was a time of horrors, hardships, sicknesses, and deaths for people all around the world. It was, simply put, a time that showed what terrible acts mankind was capable of. The end of World War II left families scarred, brothers dead, and countries ruined. However, just as the phoenix rises from the ashes, so did a new world. World War II gave birth to a plethora of new ideas, such as the postmodernism movement which, without World War II, wouldRead MoreKurt Vonneguts Slaughter House Five Essay504 Words   |  3 PagesSlaughter House Five Expaination Based on Kurt Vonnegut Jr.s book by the same name, Slaughterhouse Five has been described by many as one of the best anti-war novels of the 20th Century. In Slaughterhouse Five, Billy Pilgrim finds unstuck in time jumping between several periods of his life. From his experience as a prisoner of war in World War II to his suburban family life in the 1950s and 1960s, and his experience as a human specimen in an alien zoo on a distant planet, Billy seemingly has no controlRead MoreThe Rape of Nanking1016 Words   |  5 Pagessurvivors to discuss it. In addition, the horrifying events of The Rape of Nanking only further motivated an uncontrollable desire for aggression, violence, and imperialism in the Asian community evidently leading to the impending destruction caused by World War II. Due to the brutality of the crimes committed in this time frame, many people still to this day stray away from the discussion of The Rape of Nanking. The book itself, suggests that the biggest factor drifting people away from this topic is theRead MoreWorld War II And American Liberalism Essay1119 Words   |  5 Pages World War II changed the outlook o f American society and economy. Alan Brinkley discusses these changes in his article, World War II and American Liberalism. Brinkley discusses the events that brought on these changes, and what was the result of said changes on the American society. Before and during the war, American liberalism started to realize what its main mission was at the time. American demographics were drastically changed due to World War II. The most dramatic of these changes was theRead MoreAnalysis Of All Quiet On The Western Front, By Erich Maria Remarque1462 Words   |  6 Pages World war I and World War II was two world wars that completely devastated Europe. Many deaths and sacrifices were made throughout and these two events are no doubt one of the most important events in world history. Many books were written about these two wars, detailing the great horrors and brutal truths of life out on the battlefield. Erich Maria Remarque, was born in Osnabrà ¼ck, Germany, in 1898. His family was lower-middle class and he lived humbly. In 1916, when World War I broke out, he

Personality and Emotions Exam - 5479 Words

Personality and Emotions Which of the following are classifications on the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator? Chapter 4 Personality and Emotions MULTIPLE CHOICE Personality 1. Personality is: a. always stable. b. a part of a person. c. an aggregate whole. d. comprised of traits that cannot be measured. (c; Easy; p. 93) 2. An individual’s personality is determined by: a. heredity. b. environment. c. situational factors. d. all of the above (d; Easy; p. 94) 3. Which of the following is a personality determinant? a. heredity b. environment c. both a and b d. neither a nor b (c; Easy; pp. 94-95) 4. Which of the following personality shaping forces is not†¦show more content†¦quit their jobs more often than those with an external locus of control. b. quit their jobs less often than those with an external locus of control. c. perform better on their jobs. d. start their own businesses. (c; Moderate; p. 98) 20. A person who believes that ends can justify means can be said to have the characteristic of: a. authoritarianism. b. Machiavellianism. c. external locus of control. d. risk-taking. (b; Easy; p. 99) 21. An individual high in Machiavellianism is best described as: a. maintaining emotional distance, being highly authoritative, believing in swift discipline. b. being impulsive, emotionally involved, and having strong ethical beliefs. c. being pragmatic, maintaining emotional distance, and believing ends can justify means. d. tending to make a poor manager. (c; Moderate; p. 99) 22. High Machs: a. manipulate more. b. are persuaded less. c. win more. d. all of the above (d; Moderate; p. 99) 23. _____ is the degree to which people like or dislike themselves. a. Self-esteem b. Authoritarianism c. Locus of control d. Machiavellianism (a; Moderate; p. 100) 24. People high in the trait self-esteem: a. are less likely to take unpopular stands than low SEs. b. tend to be more satisfied with their jobs than low SEs. c. tend to be less satisfied with their jobs than low SEs. d. tend to be more concerned withShow MoreRelatedDifferent Self Assessments Of Our Leadership Styles And Personality938 Words   |  4 Pagesthe duration of the course we have talked and taken many different self-assessments of our leadership styles and personality. The one we are to focus most on for the beginning part of this assignment is the VIA character survey. This survey was 120 questions long and is meant to tell you the traits that are your straights and weaknesses. We also talked about the Myers Briggs personality test in detail and the individual or collectivism scale. The results of my VIA character survey were somewhatRead MoreThe Intervention Program Is A Treatment Intervention1483 Words   |  6 Pagesvulnerabilities of anxiety disorder. Biological, psychological, and social factors strengthen anxiety’s vulnerabilities. Biological factors comprise of one’s body adaptive reaction and response, genetic predisposition, existing mental disorder, personality types. Psychological factors and causes embrace early childhood trauma; in addition to the four variables to psychological vulnerabilities, which are perceived control, cognitive appraisals, cognitive distortions, and cognitive beliefs. MoreoverRead MoreReflection Paper On Personality1427 Words   |  6 PagesFor this paper, I wanted to get an analytical point of view on what my personality is. To do this, I took two personality tests from the Similar Minds website. The first one I took was the Big 45 Test. That personality test consisted of 225 questions that gave me the answer range from ‘very inaccurate’ to ‘very accurate’. My results were nearly similar in percentage; for Extroversion I got 59%, Accommodation is 67%, Orderliness is 59%, Emotional Stability is 51%, and Open-mindedness is 73%. WhatRead MoreDifferent Types Of Personality Behavior1375 Words   |  6 Pagescertain personality types, hardiness, optimistic beliefs, spiritual beliefs and the ability to ask for help when needed are traits of people who can cope effectively. These people use their skills and strengths to cope. Non-copers do not have these traits therefore they do not have access to natural or learnt coping abilities needed to cope effectively so they tend to turn to other sometimes faulty coping strategies and mechanisms (‘What Is Resilience? (And Why It Matters)’, n.d.). Personality typesRead MoreUOP LDR 531 FINAL EXAM Assignments1648 Words   |  7 PagesLDR 531 FINAL EXAM By www.UopStudents.com Copyright. All Rights Reserved by www.UopStudents.com 1. Job dissatisfaction and antagonistic relationships with coworkers predict a variety of behaviors organizations find undesirable, including unionization attempts, substance abuse, undue socializing, and tardiness. These behaviors are indicators of a broader syndrome called A. Positivity offset. B. Employee withdrawal. C. Cognitive dissonance. D. Rotten apple syndrome. To download the complete QuestionsRead MoreIs Bad Parenting Cause Mental Illness?973 Words   |  4 Pagesfunctioned, and he lived! Granted his personality was never the same but it is amazing how through that he survived. I would have to say my favorite chapter was ten, I tend to base a lot of my decisions and actions on emotion so getting to see how the brain contributes to our emotional actions was fascinating. We use emotion when we interact with people and we use to respond positively or negatively to situations. I wanted to know how the brain process emotion, our actions, and our thoughts this classRead MoreThe Best Means Of Hiring And Testing New Employees1454 Words   |  6 PagesEmployees There are many tests that will determine the best qualified candidates. Testing individuals is important because it gives a sense of what employees will do in a daily basis and indentify their strengths and weakness. Glady states that a â€Å"personality test is properly configured to identify people who will be highly satisfied with important aspects of a job, hiring such people will significantly reduce turnover.† (Ogallo) Testing will cost more money and time to an organization but it will reduceRead MoreThe Effects Of Standardized Tests On Education Essay1495 Words   |  6 PagesD) All of the Above Emotions Education has never been constant, always subjected to the whims of various trends as they come in and out of style. 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The futureRead Moreorganizational behaviour1261 Words   |  6 Pagesassigned reading. Evaluation Because this class is comprised predominantly of students who are not Organizational Behavior majors, I believe that four â€Å"unit tests† will be the most effective method of measuring progress than a mid-term and final exam. These unit tests will include multiple-choice questions and short essays. Students will also be required to submit written exercises (home work) as specified in the Course Outline below. And, you will be graded on participation in class. Class

Applications And Interfaces Used For Augment Therapy...

Applications and Interfaces Used to Augment Therapy Practices Technology has become more prominent in everyday tasks, such as tracking our medications and measuring our food intake. In recent years, psychology has turned to using various technologies to help patients with their treatment, since only so much growth can occur within the time frame of a therapy session. This field is relatively new, and not much research has been done. However, there has been research examining how virtual reality, physiological technology, and smartphone applications could be used in treating various conditions. One study, ter Heijden and Brinkman (2011), examined how using a virtual interface that interpreted speech could help patients with social anxiety. Researchers used a â€Å"Virtual Reality exposure therapy (VRET) system† that created a space to help patients enter a social situation (ter Heijden and Brinkman, 2011). â€Å"The system was distributed over two computers; one handled the vi sualization of the virtual world including the avatars and all the audio input by the patient, while a second computer handled the interaction with the therapist and the reasoning logic of the dialogue† (ter Deijden and Brinkman, 2011). The way the system was set up is very similar to how a test team would function to test a prototype technology (McCracken and Wolfe, p. 141, 2004). In ter Deijden and Brinkman (2011), participants discussed one of a couple topics for each of the 4 conditions. These were picked soShow MoreRelatedMobile Health Applications For Mental Health3491 Words   |  14 PagesBackground: 4 Problem Statement, Purpose, and Research Question: 5 Literature Review 6 What is Mobile Health? 6 Mobile Health Applications for Mental Health 7 Clinical Assessment Treatment Progress: 8 Skills Training: 9 Enhanced Communication with Providers: 10 Reminders Medication Adherence: 10 Challenges of Mobile Health Technology for Behavioral Health: 10 User Interface Design in Mental Health Mobile Health Apps 10 Benefits of Mobile Health Apps for Mental Health Interventions: 11 Barriers toRead MoreClinical Information System6441 Words   |  26 Pageshave been significant advances in medical technology used in patient treatment and care. The Intensive Care Unit (ICU) in an acute hospital is designed to treat the most complex and unstable medical and surgical patient. Most ICU admissions occur because the patient requires technology that is available only within the ICU for monitoring or therapeutic purposes (Scales et al, 2004) . In the past decade, the medical technology and systems used in Intensive Care Units have become significantly moreRead More4g Communication22481 Words   |  90 Pagesservices, from high-quality voice to high-definition video to high-data-rate wireless channel. 4G can be defined as MAGIC—Mobile multimedia, anytime anywhere, Global mobility support, integrated wireless solution, and customized personal service. 4G is used broadly to include several types of broadband wireless access communication systems along with cel lular telephone systems. The 4G systems not only will support the next generation of mobile service, but also will support the fixed wireless networksRead MoreInternet Access For Improved Learning Effectiveness. .Mrs.2983 Words   |  12 Pagesparticularly the adoption of MOOCs allows greater flexibility for both students and staff. It also provides a platform to more effectively and cheaply distribute learning materials, especially to a geographically dispersed cohort of students. It can be used as a means to bypass overcrowded campuses. It can also potentially provide better learning outcomes. 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It turns out instead they were a placeholder for the market tactics used during a merging hypergrowth market, a challenge covered in a subsequent book, Inside the Tornado. Also I have substituted a revised scenario process for the original to incorporate improvements that have evolved over the past several years of consultingRead MoreNanotech 1AC Essay13565 Words   |  55 PagesImplications of Nanotechnology Development in Latin America and the Caribbean), presented on Mar. 7 in Mexico City. Nanotechnology involves the manipulation of matter on an atomic and molecular scale to change its physical and chemical properties, and is used in electronic components, cosmetics and packaging, among other products. 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Analysis Of Frederick Douglass Narrative - 1597 Words

Frederick Douglass’ Narrative serves as an influential text which provides detailed examples of how slavery allowed a country and a government to justify the brutal dehumanization and oppression of an entire race of people. Using personal experience, Douglass explains how the slave institution not only dehumanized himself, but also how the process affected other slaves and the slaveowners as well. Douglass relies on a strong imagery relating back to animals to show this dehumanization process, which the essay will be discussion and critically analysing the effectiveness of using imagery to present his arguments. Douglass begins by stating how dehumanization begins from birth. It is rare for a slave to know precisely when they were born,†¦show more content†¦In fact, Douglass discusses about when he was first offered a pair of trouser from his mistress, and how he eagerly scrubbed away at the mange and dead skin on his feet and knees for three days in hope of the precious reward. The fact that something as simple as trouser was considered to be a high reward and luxury by slaves shows a level of dehumanization, as clothes were a normal commodity for white people. By using the word â€Å"mange†, it likens Douglass to a stray dog, who by scrubbing away at his skin hopes to become suitable for a good home. Children would also be fed â€Å"mush†, which was boiled, coarse corn meal, which they would eat off the floor with whatever they could use. At night, children and adults alike would be expected to sleep on the floor together, and Douglass laments how his feet were cra cked from exposure to frost during the night. Throughout his reflection of his childhood, Douglass refers to how the children were regularly referred to as â€Å"pigs†, and how their were forced to mimic the behaviour of pigs due to how they were treat by their owners. The children are forced to fight in order to gain the most food, or to have clothing, which instates a mindset of individuality early on in their lives: only the toughest will survive. This individualistic mindset is dangerous, as it further prevents slaves from forming bonds in fear that they will lose precious resources, including favour with their master. By showing humanity,Show MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Narrative Of The Life Of Frederick Douglass1450 Words   |  6 PagesReid Champlin Mrs. Stack AP English, Period 7 14 August 2015 In His Own Words: Analysis of The Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass They say that one can never fully understand a situation until he/she is put into that scenario themselves. Too often, history is written by those who have only read and researched the issues, remaining distant and objective to get all the facts straight. While there is honor in this approach, one cannot experience the horror of war, the thrill of victory, orRead MoreFrederick Douglass Narrative Analysis1333 Words   |  6 PagesThroughout his Narrative, Frederick Douglass exposes his belief that freedom from slavery comes through a combination of knowledge and self-agency, and through his personal experience, delineates a model for abolitionism. Although his Narrative does represent an autobiography, Douglass has a higher purpose in mind beyond simple recollection; Douglass wants to convert people to the cause of abolitionism and illuminate what it truly means to join the cause, through exposition of his own life and experiencesRead MoreAnalysis Of The Narrative, By Frederick Doug lass1182 Words   |  5 Pages Significant Event #1 Frederick Douglass, the author and narrator of the Narrative, is a powerful speaker for the abolitionist movement. His story is about the road from slavery to freedom, and along this road he faced many challenges and had many realizations. One of the first epiphanies he had was when he realized what slavery really was. Born on a slave on Colonel Lloyd’s planation, he witnessed the worst kinds of suffering. For example, he saw his Aunt Hester get beaten on multiple occasionsRead MoreAn Analysis Of Frederick Douglass s The Narrative Of The Life Of Frederick Essay1284 Words   |  6 PagesSolomoneAfro 3597 WEssay ATuesday October 18, 2016The Contradicting Nature of Christianity and the Institution of Slavery A Thematic Analysis of Frederick Douglass s NarrativeChristianity quite often, especially when associated to the system of slavery becomes even more of a contentious issue than it already is. In The Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, Frederick Douglass present s the theme of perversion of Christianity by slaveholders as a way to bring out the contradiction that lie deep withinRead MoreNarrative Analysis Of Frederick Douglass s Narrative1214 Words   |  5 Pageshappiness shown in Narrative by Frederick Douglass Being taken away from your home and family can be one of the hardest things anyone can go through. Having their identities completely taken away and begin to endure a long hard journey of survival were things blacks had to go through in the 1800’s. Narrative by Frederick Douglass is an 1845 memoir that perfectly shows the struggles of a young black man’s journey to survival after being forced into the life of slavery. Frederick Douglass describes theRead MoreAnalysis Of A Slave Narrative By Frederick Douglass1646 Words   |  7 PagesWithin a slave narrative, the identity of the writer greatly affects the perspective of the story and the message that the author wishes to convey. For a narrative of this nature, to send its meaning directly and efficiently it must be able to illustrate the individual struggle of the writer as well as create a clear line between what it means to be a slave and what it means to be free. These identities of the author not only conflict with the image of self but also help to illuminate the strugglesRead MoreNarrative Of The Life Of Frederick Douglass Analysis876 Words   |  4 Pages Although many people think they know the brutality about slavery, not many people truly understand the hardships that people had to really face. In Frederick Douglass’s, â€Å" Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass,† he portrays slavery in many different ways through emotion, fact, and first hand experience. The book is his life story going through the depths of slavery and persevering through all the bad until he insures his freedom. In the book he uses many different strategies that showsRead MoreNarrative Of The Life Of Frederick Douglass Analysis1060 Words   |  5 Pagesreformer Frederick Douglass narrates his experience of the rebellion in Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, escaping from slavery in Maryland and ending up becoming an anti-slavery writer and orator. He employs a dry tone throughout the passage, explaining both the positive and negative effects of slavery in an unbiased position. When looking back to the whole story of his rebell ion, both spiritual and professional education are essential factors in his success. Frederick Douglass startedRead MoreAnalysis of Narrative of the life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave500 Words   |  2 Pages Analysis of Narrative of the life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave In Modern day America, the thought of slavery is horrifying. It is a dark chapter in the American history and should be fought against at all costs now. However, American used to know the reality of the atrocities that occurred on various southern plantations. Its because of slave narratives that the American people have come to realize the inhumane nature of slavery and thus, that led to political activism. One Slave thatRead MoreEssay on Analysis of Narrative Of The Life Of Frederick Douglass1287 Words   |  6 PagesAn American slave by Frederick Douglass, Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass Introduction The Narrative of the Life of Fredrick Douglass can be referred to as a memoir and writing about the abolitionist movement of the life of a former slave, Fredrick Douglass. It is a highly regarded as the most famous piece of writing done by a former slave. Fredrick Douglass (1818-1895) was a social reformer, statesman, orator and writer in the United States. Douglass believed in the equality of every

David by Michelangelo vs Bernini Essay Example For Students

David by Michelangelo vs Bernini Essay Nudity is divine beauty form which cant be translated as profane. Davits proportions and expressions represents a typical of Michelangelo work. It depicts self control as well as tension at the same time. As from what I have described, Michelangelo David somewhat characterize and symbolize perfectly on Florentine feeling. During that time, Florence was going through some difficult time. Because they were a major political force in Italy at that time, Florence was feared that they will dominate against Rome. The city then comes alert and ready to face continual threats. David represented as a heroic male model of courage. David delivers a strong message of his inner spiritual strength which can proved that they are more effective than a mans strength. He showed us that his faith in God has saved him, not because his own strength but it is all by God (The Lord is my strength and my shield. ). Florentine picturing themselves as David fighting against the Giant Roman. The statue representing their feelings become the civic piece of the City of Florence which represents the Florentine pride. The next David that Im going to discuss is David in the period of Italian Baroque done by Giant Lorenz Bernie. It was done between 1623 to 1624, sculpted by Bernie at the age of 25. Just LA 121 -LOL Linda Lieu like Michelangelo, Bernie is an artist who worked in a variety of mediums, but sculpting is his passion. Not Just that, both artists sculpted the same biblical hero David on his fight against Giant Goliath. Looking at the two Davis, both artists visualized different moment and feeling into their sculpture, even though it comes from the same story. Michelangelo gives a story before the Giant Goliath approached, while Bernie captures right on the moment of battle, a man of dynamic mid-action. He represents David on his maximum torque, his torso is twisted at the very back ready to release his stone, making him to a diagonal postures that fills with energy. The sculpture has the characteristics of Italian Baroque art, they are dynamic in composition, theatrical setting, full of motions and emotions. Almost like a typical of Hellenic sculpture. The energy and ram that the artist show doesnt only come from the gestures but it pictured clearly on Davits expressions as well. He is pushing his eye brow together depicts such a great determination, and concentration. The way he is biting his lips also create a great tension to the scene. The whole physical movement and gestures is known as Baroque moment, a time when the action has been captured in mid-narration. Looking from the gestures and all the motions that David presented it is somewhat telling the viewer the emotional that relates to the battle between churches. As during the 1 517 there was a shifting of Catholic teaching known as Protestant Reformation under the leadership of Martin Luther. He was displeased with the Catholic churches as well as the leaders and their life style. As a result he break away from the former Catholic churches and established a new Christianity known as Protestantism. After the Protestant Reformation, there is a gap between the Catholic and Protestant. Many of the Catholics began to follow Luther and become Protestant. Novitiate Selling Japer 03241224 During the mid 16th century throughout 17th century, the Catholics began to acts theological campaign lead by the Pope in Rome, known as the Catholic Counter Reformation. The goal is to inspire the population with the work of art and architecture and pursued them to stay faithful with Catholic church and bring them back. The David by Bernie perhaps telling the viewer the way the Catholic churches felt as they were battling against Luther to win people back. In conclusion, both artists specialized their talent on sculpting even though they do work with other types of medium. .ua331d72ffc49ec70c301e18d051ecb42 , .ua331d72ffc49ec70c301e18d051ecb42 .postImageUrl , .ua331d72ffc49ec70c301e18d051ecb42 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ua331d72ffc49ec70c301e18d051ecb42 , .ua331d72ffc49ec70c301e18d051ecb42:hover , .ua331d72ffc49ec70c301e18d051ecb42:visited , .ua331d72ffc49ec70c301e18d051ecb42:active { border:0!important; } .ua331d72ffc49ec70c301e18d051ecb42 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ua331d72ffc49ec70c301e18d051ecb42 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ua331d72ffc49ec70c301e18d051ecb42:active , .ua331d72ffc49ec70c301e18d051ecb42:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ua331d72ffc49ec70c301e18d051ecb42 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ua331d72ffc49ec70c301e18d051ecb42 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ua331d72ffc49ec70c301e18d051ecb42 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ua331d72ffc49ec70c301e18d051ecb42 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ua331d72ffc49ec70c301e18d051ecb42:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ua331d72ffc49ec70c301e18d051ecb42 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ua331d72ffc49ec70c301e18d051ecb42 .ua331d72ffc49ec70c301e18d051ecb42-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ua331d72ffc49ec70c301e18d051ecb42:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Baroque Period EssayThey depicts the same story from the bible of David fighting against Goliath. Michelangelo tells a story of David waiting for Goliath approach in a calm standing contrasts pose yet aware of his surrounding. This over 14 feet statue stand as a civic pride representing Florentine pride. While Berings David captures the Baroque moment of Davits mid action unleashing his slingshot. The sculptures bring so much motion and energy compare to Michelangelo David. The statue represent how the Catholic churches felt as they battle against the Luther.

Class Actions and Duplicative Litigation System

Question: Discuss about the Class Actions and Duplicative Litigation System. Answer: Introduction: The lawsuits in which a group of people collectively come together to commence the claims against a different person is known as the Class action. One among the other members of the whole group represents such group in a collective and united manner. As usual, the plaintiff takes legal action against the defendants in a class action on the behalf of the collective group that also considers the people not present during the occasion of litigation (Anderson and Trask 2012). Therefore, this is an individual point towards the key differentiation in a normal court case and a class action, as in the former case, the parties have an obligation of being present physically at the same time as the legal actions are continued. The laws of each state describe the method, which governs and deals with a class action. However, in general, the class action group fit in for the individuals that are being injured in the similar and identical way, by the similar defendant. Therefore, as an alternative to the initializing of the different dealings for a comparable matter, the class action assists the persons that are in the right position to that class action in an unaccompanied lawsuit and the same make a decision upon the claimed injury (Eisenberg 2016). All the way through the evaluation of the connection amid an employer and an employee, a class action may perhaps be avoided, if such a appraisal is being performed in a periodical manner. The engineers have an ability to gain benefits from the class actions for the avoidance of the concern, which have a claim against them. Even though, in case of a class action, one of the harmed parties can be proved erroneous, the establishment of the complete class action can be shuddering (Sherman 2017). Therefore, the actions can have a conclusion and ending easily, without any harassment. In addition, there can be a reduction in the damages alleged through such class actions. Class actions also have an ability of the unification of the indemnity to be compensated, and for this reason avoiding the litigations that have a duplicative nature. The problem, which has been lifted up in the preceding litigations not in favor of the company, or against another association, can have a use as a leading beam for treating the current action, next to the taking of the precautions to avoid future claims (Johnson 2013). In the case of Matthews v AusNet Electricity Services Pty Ltd Ors [2014] VSC 663, the class action was brought against SPI. SPI i.e. Electricity Services Pty Ltd was formerly known as the SPI Electricity Pty Ltd. The case was against UAM i.e. the contractor of maintenance who had the accountability of the periodical examination of the power line up and against the State parties. The State parties comprised of the diverse units that fitted into the State of Victoria and as they were obliged of combating of the fires, administration of the forest land and keeping a watch over of the emergencies (Australasian Legal Information Institute 2014). At this time, a series of individuals can draw closer for the initiation of the class actions in opposition to the parties highlighted in the cases above. Leo Keane was the one who took an initiative of bringing up the class action although, soon after on, the claimant was replaced with Carol Ann Matthews. Mathews made the class action that was on behalf of those considered in the summarization underneath: The people who had claimed for an individual injury; The people who had gone through a monetary loss, that had no dues to the harm caused to their possessions or for the damage caused to those persons; As per the Part 3 of the Wrongs Act 1958, the individuals who were dead owing to fire; and The persons who went through a loss or injury towards their property (State Government of Victoria 2014) In the case quoted above, there was a completion to the significance of approximately an amount of $500 million had been achieved although, any one of the parties under the case did not acknowledge the legal responsibility involved. On the other hand, this did not mean that there was no accountability in the given case. There is a tough base for the acknowledgment of legal responsibility for the damages, which resulted from the bushfires of the Black Saturday (Farnsworth 2016). These have a nature of carelessness and negligence of pure monetary loss. The base of these laws has been highlighted before the application of the above in the given case below: Carelessness or negligence is one among the torts in the country, Australia. Underneath negligence, an entity is indebted towards a responsibility of care towards one another and there is a contravention of the duty, which has consequences in causing harm or injury to the other person (Turner 2013). In order to get an establishment of a case of casualness, there must be a clear establishment of the obligation of care. This has to be followed by a contravention of the duty of concern and the violation has a result in an injury or damage. The above constitute the indispensable elements of negligence, devoid of which a case of negligence is unattainable (Greene 2013). The validation in the wake of negligence is the affixation of a commitment of care on populace carrying on some doings, which can cause a risk that would result in an injury to the other person. However, the cause between the injury and the casualness must have a direct connection. The damage caused need to have a substantial nature and cannot be too small. Finally yet importantly, there must be an ability of foreseeing the risks and hazards, to establish a breach of duty of concern and care (Latimer 2012). The case of the snail in the bottle also known as the case Donoghue v Stevenson [1932] UKHL 100 is a leading example of negligence and its arguments. In the case mentioned above, Donoghue who was the end user had drunk the ginger beer from the bottle produced by Stevenson. After drinking the beer, he fell ill which was a result of the snail found dead in the bottle. The producer held that the plaintiff should sue the caf owner as he had served the bottle and not the producer himself. The cafe was located in Paisley, Renfrewshire but the court apprehended and held that the producer company has an obligation towards the maintenance of the duty of concern to its clients and therefore, had to pay required compensation Donoghue for her losses that were a result of negligence on the part of the producer (Kelly et al. 2014). A comparable observation was in use in the case of the Grant v The Australian Knitting Mills [1935] UKPC 2, where the producer company had an obligation to reimburse Grant for the resultant dermatitis towards the negligence of the defendant in the production of the woolen underpants (Australasian Legal Information Institute, 2014). In the above-mentioned case study, the neglected scenario was applied through the legal legislation of the Wrongs Act 1958. Section 48 of the given act has a covering of the essential ideologies connected with the negligence. The section also commands that the threat or risk has to be expected or predictable. As per the section 49 of the given act, the load of taking safety measures is determined through the information of evasion of the risk of damage, in addition to the acts succeeding and those which could have been undertaken to diminish the risk of injury (Australasian Legal Information Institute, 2014). In the given case, the claimant had to ascertain the negligence of SPI and the burden of establishing the same had been placed on the applicant under section 52 of the Act. It was based on the stability of likelihood in addition to the relevant particulars that were considerable to the problem of the occurrences (Australasian Legal Information Institute, 2014). SPI had successfully proved that there was an existence of genuine risk of collapse related to the planned assessment. For SPI, the negligence had been claimed about the trouble in lawful sense, the asset managing, the re-closer of the oil-operated circuit, the damper under target, and the administration of electricity. As per Osborn J, SPI had to have well-known concerning the probable risks (State Government of Victoria, 2014). In the event of undertaking of pre fire scheduled inspection, there was failure in applying due skill and care. Inspection was done before the occurring the fire and last occurred until February in the year 2008. Therefore, it can be said that for both the parties, negligence forms the basis of legal actions (Bender 2015). In the previous part, fixing of the legal liability of negligence was highlighted was fixed over SPI and UAM. Consequence of such incident was rising of the class actions by individual. Nonetheless, recovery is imposed with several limits and it is about different individual class. These individuals are those whom damage has been caused and refereed earlier. Claims resulting from the negligence leads to economic loss and limitations are limited to such claims. Economic loss that is suffered and borne by single individual is related to negligent pure economic loss. Such loss does not arise from the physical injury that is caused to individuals. The loss is attributable to the economic loss caused to an individual. Individuals who lost their income-gaining source or livelihood forma the part of class action that is highlighted above (Chow and Chan 2014). Principle of pure economic loss would be applied under the incident that resulted from fire. The recovery rule is not possible to apply in the event of establishing this principle. Rylands v Fletcher (1868) LR 3 HL 330, [1868] UKHL 1 forms the basis for this rule. Under this rule, it is held by judges that something that cannot be covered as established in the given case is economic loss. Under the given case, the construction of reservoir was done on land that was abandoned. Defendant owned the reservoir and he made se his land for constructing purpose. Mine was disused and reservoir was placed on that mine. Filtering of water from reservoir was done through the mine that was not used and eventually it was scattered over the area of working mine. The plaintiff owned the area of working mine. The mining area owned by plaintiff suffered from extensive damage. Using the land in non-natural way by defendant rather than causing the economic loss was the reason that he was held solely and legally responsible. The same principle can be established in another case and the case was Weller v Foot and Mouth Disease Research Institute [1966] 1 QB 56. The case was about the eruption of virus in the premises of defendant and such virus infected the cattle of plaintiff. The resultant affect was that cattle were infected and were unable to sell in the market and could not get the price. In this case, plaintiff was regarded as auctioneer and there was loss in the profit. It was highlighted by plaintiff that selling the cattle would have given them profitable amount, had the virus would have not entered. However, the claims put forward by plaintiff resulted in pre economic loss and it was not possible to recover such amount (McDermott Will Emery 2007). Therefore, it can be concluded on the basis of above two cases that is Weller v Foot and Mouth Disease Research Institute [1966] 1 QB 56 and Rylands v Fletcher (1868) LR 3 HL 330, [1868] UKHL 1, the individuals in the class actions would not be able to claim damages and have restrictions in doing so (Lenz 2015). The reason attributable to this is that it has resulted in pre economic losses. In this case, it is possible to deal with the claims that has aroused due to negligence that has been done against any organization. The case concerning Matthews v AusNet Electricity Services Pty Ltd Ors provides the basis of example for claim management resulting from negligence. An opportunity concerning with the limitation of exposure regarding the claims of negligence is also depicted in the given case (Thompson 2016). An organization should keep about updating the claims concerning precedents in order to evade the chances of claims that is being raised against them. Judges takes the decisions regarding precedents. They are regarded as the order of court that has been decided in the court of law and related to some other case. It is necessary to take care of established precedents in addition to precedents. This can be done at the same time when the actions for avoiding the claims of negligence that has been raised are undertaken. In addition to this, it is possible to become reliable on such cases, once the case of negligence has been used. This is so because, it is acceptable fact that precedents would always support their side for the purpose of establishment of their side of story. In order to depict the case for using it in a particular case, it becomes essential to establish and discuss some of the cases related to Mathews (Higgs et al. 2016). The elaboration of such cases is shown below: In this case of there was an explosion resulting from the negligence and carelessness in maintain the plant by defendant. The case is Johnson Tiles Pty Ltd v Esso Australia Pty Ltd [2003] VSC 27. In the Court of South Victoria, Esso was defendant against whom plaintiff initiated the case. Majority of the cases in this area was mainly concerned with the pure economic loss. This particular case presented in providing the judgment was identical to Donoghue v Stevenson. This was done in addition to Grant v Australian Knitting Mills. Esso upon which the similarity was drawn owed a duty of care to consumers. This resulted in the damaging of property and was because of stopping of the gas. For such economic loss, the statutory framework cannot be put on duty on Esso because of such economic loss (Sharma and Bhatnagar 2014). Therefore, it was held that the economic loss duty was not owed to Gillard J held by Esso. Another case was about the question that was raised concerning the builder of commercial building or architect liability before the high court. Question was raised regarding the succeeding purchaser of such building. The question was about the defect in the construction or designing of the building. The subsequent purchaser of the building resulted in economic loss. A landmark decision was given by high court and in such case, liability of architect or builder was denied in the judgment. The builder or architect working in the current scenario can use this case, where the subsequent claims would be raised against the purchaser (Harvey and Marston 2012). Another case is of Burnie Port Authority v General Jones Pty Ltd (1994) 179 CLR 520. In this case, plaintiff was General Jones and property named under him in the building that belonged to a person named Burnie. Burnie was a named defendant and the work of him was carried under few independent contractors. Building was burned because it caught fire and this was result of negligence of the contractors. Property of plaintiff was destroyed because of this happening. The rule given under Rylands v Fletcher was abolished by high court under the case. Giving away of the liability resulting in the economic loss was given by using of Burnie Port Authority v General Jones Pty Ltd. It is highlighted in the previous section that the individual can claim damages for which they have denied the recovery (Grave et al. 2012).Therefore, it is clearly depicted that each case presented can be used for disadvantage and advantage to be used in the particular case. Hence, through the established cases, th e companies are capable of paying heeds. It can also be done through which company can do the cancellation of claims. This is mainly in regard with another party. There is a need to comply with the code of ethics by engineers in Australia. It is in relation with the field knowledge and experience and this is referred to as Engineers Australia code of ethics. Four core areas are forms the basis of segmentation of the code. This will help the engineers in demonstrating and practicing competently, integrity, exercising leadership and promoting sustainability. Claim of negligence is barred in successful manner and code of ethics acting as standard (Engineers Australia 2015). Engineers are expected to be honest and trustworthy in their work, showing respect of dignity to others and they are required to conscience that is well informed. They should learn more by maintaining professional competence. The needs of stakeholders should be recognized along with the needs of future generation. It would help in act avoidance resulting in injury or harm. In addition to the above, the steps taken for avoiding the occurrence of such incidents are ensured (Engineers Australia 2015). There are chances of claims that are raised for the cause of negligence despite the practicing of code of ethics by engineers. Capability of engineers and the human nature determines the adherence to code of ethics by engineers. It is certainly possible for engineers to breach the claim resulting from negligence (Levinson et al. 2013). References: Anderson, B., and Trask, A. (2012) The Class Action Playbook. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Australasian Legal Information Institute. (2014) Matthews v AusNet Electricity Services Pty Ltd Ors [2014] VSC 663 (23 December 2014). [Online] Australasian Legal Information Institute. Available from: https://www.austlii.edu.au/cgi-bin/sinodisp/au/cases/vic/VSC/2014/663.html?stem=0synonyms=0query=title(Matthews%20and%25 Bender, M., 2015. Construction Law. Chow, K.F. and Chan ChuenFye, P., 2014. Building and construction law.Singapore Academy of Law Annual Review of Singapore Cases, (2014), p.102. Eisenberg, J.N. (2016) Litigating Securities Class Actions. New York: LexisNexis. Engineers Australia. (2015) The Ethical Engineer. [Online] Engineers Australia. Available from: https://www.engineersaustralia.org.au/portal/news/ethical-engineer Farnsworth, S. (2016) Black Saturday bushfires: Victims to get compensation payouts before Christmas. [Online] ABC News. Available from: https://www.abc.net.au/news/2016-12-07/black-saturday-bushfire-survivors-to-receive-payout-christmas/8099322 Grave, D.B., Adams, K., and Betts, J. (2012) Class Actions in Australia. Sydney: Thomson Reuters (Professional) Australia. Greene, B. (2013) Course Notes: Tort Law. Oxon: Routledge. Harvey, B., and Marston, J. (2012) Cases and Commentary on Tort. 6thed. New York: Oxford University Press. Higgs, N., Jackson, S., Minogue, A., Bishop, F., Kirkham, K. and Wild, J., 2016. Construction Law Quarterly.Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers-Management, Procurement and Law,169(6), pp.258-265. Johnson, E. (2013) To Establish Justice for All: The Past and Future of Civil Legal Aid in the United States [3 volumes]: The Past and Future of Civil Legal Aid in the United States. California: ABC-CLIO. Kelly, D., Hammer, R., and Hendy, J. (2014) Business Law. 2nd ed. Oxon: Routledge. Latimer, P. (2012) Australian Business Law 2012. 31st ed. Sydney, NSW: CCH Australia Limited. Legal Information Institute. (2017) Precedent. [Online] Legal Information Institute. Available from: https://www.law.cornell.edu/wex/precedent Lenz, C.H., 2015. International Construction Arbitration Law, by Jane Jenkins. Levinson, S., Woodruff, P. and Parker, J. eds., 2013.Loyalty: NOMOS LIV(Vol. 54). NYU Press. Mason, J., 2016.Construction law: From beginner to practitioner. Routledge. McDermott Will Emery. (2007) Defending Against Class and Collective Employee Actions. [Online] McDermott Will Emery. Available from: https://files.mwe.com/info/news/wp0207a.pdf Sharma, D. and Bhatnagar, P., 2014. Risk Allocation Subsequent Legal Issues in Construction Contracts. Sherman, E.F. (2017) Class Actions and Duplicative Litigation. [Online] Maurer School of Law: Indiana University. Available from: https://www.repository.law.indiana.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2066context=ilj State Government of Victoria. (2014) In The Supreme Court Of Victoria. [Online] State Government of Victoria. Available from: https://assets.justice.vic.gov.au/supreme/resources/5009fd2c-2fe2-4f69-b422-96bf249c6c6a/reasons+of+justice+osborn+for+judgment+given+on+23+december+2014.pdf Thompson, P., 2016. FIDIC: correct contract selection: construction law-contracts.Without Prejudice,16(4), pp.21-22. Turner, C. (2013) Unlocking Torts. 3rd ed. Oxon: Routledge.